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Paulus Manker (born 25 January 1958) is an Austrian film director and actor, as well as an author and screenplay writer. Manker is considered one of the most maverick German-speaking actors, and polarizes public opinion like scarcely no other. He is perceived as a "staggering all-round talent on the Austrian cultural scene." ==Life== Manker is the son of actress and theatre director . He trained at the Max Reinhardt Drama School in Vienna, studying acting and directing. Manker made his film debut in ''Lemminge (Lemmings)'' (dir. Michael Haneke) in 1979. Manker's initial engagements while still at drama school took him to the Viennese Burgtheater (1979, Arthur Schnitzler's ''Comedy of Seduction'' with set design by Hans Hollein and costumes by Karl Lagerfeld), then to the Vienna Festival (1980, ''The Last Days of Mankind'' by Karl Kraus), and on to participation in the "co-determination model" at the Schauspielhaus Frankfurt (1980/81), to the Thalia Theater in Hamburg (1982, Jean Genet's ''Deathwatch'' and also to the Residenztheater in Munich, where in 1983 he first worked with director Peter Zadek (Henrik Ibsen's ''The Master Builder'' with Barbara Sukowa), where he became a long-term member of Zadek's famous ensemble. As a film actor, Manker first appeared in ''Lemmings'' in 1979 (directed by Michael Haneke). Then followed ''Exit – Don't Panic'' (1980) and ''The Locked-Out'' (1982, based on the novel by Elfriede Jelinek), ''The Power of Emotions'' by Alexander Kluge (1983) and ''Who was Edgar Allan?'' (1984, also directed by Michael Haneke), as well as Luc Bondy's ''The Distant Land'' (1987), alongside Michel Piccoli. In 1986, Peter Zadek invited Manker to join the famous ensemble at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, of which he was a member from 1986 to 1989. Here, for the first time, he played on stage the leading role of anti-Semitic Jewish philosopher Otto Weininger in the play ''Weininger's Last Night'' by Joshua Sobol, which caused much furore. After that, he was Octavius Caesar in Shakespeare's ''Julius Caesar'' with Ulrich Tukur, Lindekuh in Frank Wedekind's ''Musik'' (''Music'') with Susanne Lothar, and slave trader Casti-Piani in Peter Zadek's legendary staging of Frank Wedekind's ''Lulu''. Manker first worked as a film director in 1985, and his film ''Schmutz'' (''Dirt'') premiered at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival in the Quinzaine des Réalisateurs. The film received several awards at other festivals, and was turned into a novel by Thorsten Becker. In 1988 there followed ''Weininger's Last Night'', in 1992 ''The Eye of the Typhoon'' with German rock band Einstürzende Neubauten, in 1995 ''The Moor's Head'', based on a screenplay by Michael Haneke with Gert Voss in his first film role, and Angela Winkler, then in 1996 the documentary film ''Hans Hollein – Everything is Architecture'' plus various short films including, in 2004, the portrait of his 80-year-old mother, actress Hilde Sochor. "As a director, Manker experiments with psycho shockers (''Dirt'', ''Weininger's Last Night'') and draws the audience into his aggressive multimedia theatre dramas. Manker's general theme is the creeping insanity of a society to which he holds up a distorting mirror." 〔 Manker first worked as a director at the Vienna Volkstheater, with ''Weiningers Nacht'' (''Weininger's Last Night'') by Joshua Sobol, in which he himself also played the leading role, and which became his most famous role. The performance became Manker's greatest triumph to date, and he himself subsequently turned the play into a film. "One rarely comes across such a sensuously and intellectually exciting, enlightening, sensational film." (Simone Mahrenholz, ''Der Tagesspiegel'') In 1990, Manker returned to the Viennese Burgtheater under Claus Peymann, and took the role of Carlos in Peymann's production of Goethe's ''Clavigo'' (with Ulrich Mühe as Clavigo). He was also Bassanio in Peter Zadek's production of Shakespeare's ''The Merchant of Venice'' (with Gert Voss as Shylock and Eva Mattes as Portia), and Pozzo in Samuel Beckett's ''Waiting for Godot''). In 1993, he staged Franz Molnar's ''Liliom'' at the Burgtheater, and in 1996 Bertolt Brecht's ''Threepenny Opera'' (with costumes by Vivienne Westwood). Manker's performance as Shakespeare's ''Richard III'' (1997), staged by Peter Zadek at the Münchner Kammerspiele, generated most heated discussions, where conflict arose with the theatre and its director Dieter Dorn, whereupon the production was cancelled despite its huge success with the public. "A huge success is being dropped here, one which could have been played for years, merely out of pusillanimity." (Peter Zadek) In 1996, Manker and Israeli writer Joshua Sobol, who became his most important artistic partner, created ''Alma - Widow of the four Arts'' at the former Sanatorium Purkersdorf, a simultaneous drama about artists' muse Alma Mahler-Werfel and her men, which became a cult play and has since been played every year at a different venue, having already crossed three continents and had over 400 performances in Vienna, Venice, Lisbon, Los Angeles, Berlin, Jerusalem and Prague. The production involves the audience interactively in the creation of their own theatrical experience, and they become "companions of the figures journeying through the travel-drama, themselves selecting the events, the path and the person whom they follow, thereby constructing, destroying and resurrecting their own version of the polydrama". Between 1997 and 1999, the play was filmed under the title ''Alma – Widow of the 4 Arts'' as a 3-part TV film. In the production, produced by Manker himself, Manker also has the role of the expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka. In 2000, with the cyber-show ''F@lco'' at the Viennese Ronacher Theatre, Manker and Sobol created a multimedia musical about the pop star Falco. Then in 2003, continuing the collaboration with Sobol, an invitation came from Tel Aviv to stage at the Cameri Theatre the premiere of Sobol's ''iWitness'', the story of Franz Jägerstätter, who refused to enter military service and was hanged by the Nazis, a parallel to the soldiers of the Israeli army who refused to serve in the Occupied Territories. The production made the young Itay Tiran a star. Manker played the suicidal organist in Joseph Vilsmaier's ''Brother of Sleep'' (1994), as well as playing in Michael Haneke's ''The Castle'' (1998) and in ''Code Unknown'' with Juliette Binoche (1999). He also performed in Michael Glawogger's film ''Slumming'', a 2006 entry in the Berlin Film Festival competition section; in this film, with a "hyperplastic presence", Manker portrays homeless alcoholic Franz Kallmann in the style of a poète maudit, "truly setting his role on fire" (''ARTE''). Paulus Manker engaged in more theatre work with Luc Bondy (Ödön von Horvath's ''Figaro Gets a Divorce'', 1998), with Christoph Schlingensief (''Foreigners Out! Schlingensief's Container'', 2000) and on repeated occasions with Peter Zadek (White Rabbit in ''Alice in Wonderland'', 1996, Polonius in ''Hamlet'', with Angela Winkler and Otto Sander, Hamburg, 2000), ''The Jew of Malta'' (2001) as well as in plays by Botho Strauss. In 2010 Manker appeared in the Salzburg Festival as Theseus in the acclaimed production of Jean Racine's ''Phèdre'', playing alongside Sunnyi Melles. In the same year, he published a comprehensive book about his father, film director, set designer and theatre director Gustav Manker. In 2010, Manker was awarded the prestigious Nestroy Audience Award. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paulus Manker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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